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REFERENCES

“ACOR Gallery for the Arts.” http://www.acor-pa.com/ACOR-Gallery.htm [22 November 2005].

Adams, Charles J., III. 2003. Baseball in Reading. Charleston: Arcadia Publishing.

“African American Soldiers During the Civil War.” The Library of Congress. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/timeline/civilwar/aasoldrs/soldiers.html.

African Methodist Episcopal Society Minute-Book. 1836. Reading, PA.

Allen, Richard. 1833. The Life, Experience, and Gospel Labours of the Rt. Rev. Richard Allen. Philadelphia: Martin & Boden.

Allen, Richard, Daniel Coker, and James Champion. 1817. “To The Members Of The African  Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States of America.” The Doctrines and Discipline of the African American Methodist Church. Philadelphia: Richard Allen and Jacob Tapsico for the African Methodist Connection in the United States.

Amprey, Joseph L., Jr. 1994. “Amprey Makes Plea to End Racial Fear.” Reading Eagle, 3 February, 17.

——. 2002. “Black Publications Offer Opportunity to Minorities.” Reading Eagle, 2 October, 2.

——. “Electrifying Electricians.” 2003. The DRUM, 1 August, 1.

——. 1997. “Founder of Youth of Yesterday Is Honored at Banquet.” Reading Eagle, 6 August, 19.

——. 1993. “Lodge Members Serve As Berks Role Models.” Reading Eagle, 3 February, 9.

——. 1996. “PAL, Youth of Yesterday.” Reading Eagle, 20 November, 15.

“Ban Negro Children from School in Pa.” 1960. New Pittsburgh Courier, 8 October, 3.

Bates, Samuel P. 2005. History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-5. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Library. Available from University of Michigan, Making of America. http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=ABY3439.0005.001 [14 October 28, 2005].

Berks and Schuylkill Journal. 1824. 27 November.

“Berks Art Council.” http://www.berksarts.org/ [3 November 2005].

“Berks County.” Pennsylvania State Archives. http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/counties/browse.asp?catid=6 [9 November 2005].

“Bethel A.M.E. Church, Reading.” Pamphlet. Central Pennsylvania African American Museum.

Bethel Herald. 1927. 1 (1), April.

Bining, Arthur Cecil. 1973 [1938]. Pennsylvania Iron Manufacture in the Eighteenth Century. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.

“Black Baseball.” http://www.emudcat.com/blackbaseball.html.

Blockson, Charles L. 1981. The Underground Railroad in Pennsylvania. Jacksonville: Flame International.

——. 1994. “A Missing Link: The History of African Americans in Pennsylvania.” African Americans in Pennsylvania. Baltimore: Black Classic Press.

Booth, Alvin. 2005. Questionnaire by author. November.

Boyd’s Reading City Directory. 1929.

——. 1938.

——. 1950.

Breininger, Lester. 2005. Interview by author. September.

Brock, John C. 1886. “The Twenty-Fifth Army Corps.” The Christian Recorder, 18 March. From Accessible Archives, Inc. [October 31, 2005].

Brooks, Charles D. 2005-06. “Founding of Pine Forge Academy.” Faculty Handbook (draft): 41-43.

Butler, Elton, Jr. 2006. Interview by author. 11 January.

Butler, Tonya. 2005. Interview by author. 10 January.

Carter, Lionel B. 2006. Email correspondence with author. 4 January.

“CATS Director Gets Jail Term.” 1969. Reading Eagle, 30 July.

Cohen, Anthony. 2001-01. “A Walk on the Underground Railroad.” http://www.pfa65.com/undergroundrail.htm [28 September 2005]. First published in American Educator Magazine (Winter).

Compiled Military Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served with the United States Colored Troops Infantry Organizations, 14^th through 19^th. National Archives. Descriptive Pamphlet (DP) M1822.

Confer, Carol. 2005. Email correspondence with author. 28 October.

Conrad, Steve. “Cheltenham Township and the Civil War: Camp William Penn.” http://www.usct.org/CampWillianPenn/CampWilliamPenn.htm.

Cook, Theron. 2005. Interview by author. 19 November.

Copeland, Willie. 2005. Interview by author. 19 October.

Cramsey, Kevin. 1997. “Sensitivity Training Ordered After City Fire Chief’s Remark.” Reading Eagle, 20 February, 24.

Crenshaw, Bessie Reese. 2005. Interview by author.

“Cuban Giants.” Negro Leagues Baseball Players Association. http://www.nlbpa.com/1887_cuban_giants.html [5 December 2005].

Domino, Chuck. 2006. Interview by author. 11 January.

Downey, Sally. 2005. “A.H. Alfred Farrell, 91, Professor, Administrator.” Philadelphia Inquirer, 16 October, B8.

Drago, Mike. 1999. “Inductions Hold Special Meanings.” Reading Eagle, 27 August.

——. 1999. “Mann Finally Gets Recognition.” Reading Eagle, 22 August.

——. 2004. “Reading Stint Helped Grant Find Humility.” Reading Eagle, 30 May.

Farrell, Joseph. 2000. “Garden Plan to Renew Site in City.” Reading Eagle, 14 December.

“Fellowship House Report Annex Enrollment Mounts.” 1963. Reading Eagle, 3 November.

“Final Two Model Cities Staffers Report.” 1968. Reading Eagle, 26 August.

Flannery, Richard. 1993. “Ervin’s Days Were Great.” Reading Eagle, 6 September.

——. 2006. Interview by author. 14 January.

Forester, John D., Jr. 1996. “A City in Peril.” Reading Eagle, 8 December, 1.

——. 1996. “Barber School Styles Students for Business.” Reading Eagle, 8 December, 5.

——. 1996. “Churches, Civic Groups Unite a Scattered Community.” Reading Eagle, 8 December, 5.

——. 1996. “Rouse Wants to Provide Voice for Community.” Reading Eagle, 8 December, 6.

Freedman, Joan. 1990. “Templeton Committed to Youths.” Reading Eagle, 17 September, 7.

“Frequently Asked Questions about Pine Forge Academy.” pineforgeacademy.org [28 September 2005].

“Fugitive Slave Act of 1793.” 1998. Africans in America. PBS Online. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part2/2h62.html [20 Oct. 2006].

Giddens, Gus. 2006. Interview by author. 12 January.

Gilyard, F. 2005-06. Interviews.

Goda, Barbara R. 2004-05. “African-American Women in Berks County’s History.” Historical Review of Berks County 70 (1): 11-16.

Graff, Arthur D. 1965. “Black Jim—Chimney Sweep.” Berks County Historical Review 31: 11-26.

Grant, Jim “Mudcat.” 2006. Interview by author. 5 January.

Guenther, Karen. 1992. The Religious Environment of Eighteenth-Century Berks County, Pennsylvania. Diss., University of Houston.

Haines, Joseph (Bud). 2005. Interview by author. October.

Haupt, Angela. 2002. “Celebrate Black History Month with Local Stories.” Reading Eagle, 12 February, 6.

Hemig, William S. 1979. Reading Lifestyles, Bureau of Planning. Reading: Reading Eagle Press.

“Henry Washington.” Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System. Detailed Soldier Record. http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/navydetail.cfm?id_no=Was0036.

Historical Society of Berks County. Reading Points in Time. Pamphlet. Reading: Reading Eagle Press. 19994.

“History of African Americans in the Civil War.” Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System. http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/history/aa_cw_history.htm.

Homan, Wayne E. 1958. “The Underground Railroad.” Historical Review of Berks County (Fall): 112.

“Honey Hill.” Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System. CWSAC Battle Summaries. http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/battles.htm.

Hoodak, Gordon. 2006. Interview by author. 11 January.

“Hopewell Furnace.” http://www.nps.gov/hofu/ [1 November 2005].

“Institute of the Arts.” http://www.institute-of-arts.org/ [3 November 2005].

“Introduction.” Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System. http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/soldiers.htm.

“Isaac Cole [32^nd Regiment].” Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System. http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/soldiers.htm.

“Isaac Cole.” Civil War Veteran’s Card File 1861-1866. Pennsylvania State Archives. http://www.digitalarchives.state.pa.us [13 October 2005].

Jackson, Calobe, Jr. 2005. Email correspondence with author. 4 December.

“John Cornish.” Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System. Detailed Soldier Record. http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/navydetail.cfm?id_no=Cor0021.

“John W. Johnson.” Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System. Detailed Soldier Record. http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/navydetail.cfm?id_ no=Joh0164.

Johnson, Jeanette. 1957. “Fellowship House.” Historical Review of Berks County 22: 87-91, 99-100.

Johnson, Richard G. 1972. Black in Berks. Unpublished manuscript.

——. 1995. “Blacks in Western Berks: 1760-1930” Historical Review of Berks County 60 (Fall): 189.

——. 1971-72. “Slaves and Indentured Blacks in Berks County Before 1800.” Historical Review of Berks County 37 (1): 8-13.

——. 1980. They All Stand Fair. Reading: n.p.

Jones, Harold. 2004. Interview by author. 20 July.

Kashatus, William C. 2004. September Swoon, Richie Allen, the ’64 Phillies and Racial Integration. University Park: Penn State Press.

Kelly, Dan. 2005. “Civil War Graves of Blacks Mapped.” Reading Eagle, 18 February, A1-2.

“Kidnapping in Pennsylvania.” 1998. Africans in America. PBS Online. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p325.html [20 October 2006].

 Kiehne, Frank. 2005. “The 60s—A Period of Enlightenment.” North American Fellowship of YMCA Retirees. 76 (9): 6.

Knorr, Ted, and Calobe Jackson, Jr. “Blackball in Harrisburg.”http://www.afrolumens.org/century of change/blackball.html [5 December 2005].

Koehler, Ray. 1985. “Bucking the Academy: Black Church School Puts Little Douglas Township Village on Map.” Reading Eagle, 19 September.

Kraemer, Gloria Frankenberg. 2005. Interview by author. 1 November.

Law, Pat. 2005. Phone interview by author. October.

“League Histories.” http://www.ballparkwatch.com/leagues/interstate_association_1883.htm.

Lewars, James A. 2006. Interview by author. September.

Lewis, Ronald L. 1979. Coal, Iron, and Slaves: Industrial Slavery in Maryland and Virginia, 1715-1865. Westport: Greenwood Press.

Lewis, Samella. 2003. African American Art and Artists. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Lucia, Tony. 1999. “Davies Shares Inspiration.” Reading Eagle, 9 April, 28.

——. 2000. “Reversing Stereotypes.” Reading Eagle, 27 February, 35-36.

“Making a Difference: Harold R. Jackson.” 2002. Reading Eagle, 27 February, 13.

Mann, David. 2005. Interview by author. 8 September.

Marcus, Chester L. 1954. “Washington Street Presbyterian Church.” Historical Review of Berks County xix (4): 112.

Markiel, J. “Joanna Furnace.” http://www.oldindustry.org/PA_HTML/Pa_Joanna.html [1 November 2005].

Markusen, Bruce. 2004. “Rapping with Mudcat and Scoop.” Spring Training Edition, 11 March. http://www.all-baseball.com/bronxbanter/archives/012329.html.

“Matthew Vassar.” Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy. http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/m6/matthew_vassar.htm [12 October 2005].

Mayes, Larry. 2005. Email correspondence with author. 10 October.

Mballa-Fonkeu, Blandine. 2005. Email correspondence. 9 January.

McClellan, Mabel. 1957-58. “School Integration in Reading.” Historical Review of Berks County 23 (Winter): 17-24.

McCracken, Ada. 2005. Interview by author. 16 November.

McPherson, James M. 1991 [1968]. Marching Toward Freedom. New York: Facts on File, Inc.

Miccicke, Anthony F. 2000. Reading Fire Department 1916-1931: The John George Neithammer Years. Self-published manuscript.

“Minutes of the Inter-Racial Committee Meeting, October 26, 1934.” African American Museum of Central Pennsylvania.

Mitchell, Larry. 2005. Interview by author. 2 March.

Moffi, Larry, and Jonathan Kronstadt. 1994. Crossing the Line: Black Major Leaguers, 1947-1959. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.

Moncrieffe, Cheryl. 2005. Interview by author. 19 October.

Montgomery, Morton L. 1886. History of Berks County in Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: Everts, Peck & Richards.

“Mrs. Chloe Walker 107 Years Old.” 1909. Reading Eagle, 14 November.

Murray, Florence. 1947. The  Negro Handbook. New York: Current Reference Publications.

Nagle, George F. “About the afrolumensproject.” http://www.afrolumens.org/aboutus.htm [5 December 2005].

Newton, Shirley Jean. 2005. GoggleWorks Center for the Arts. Pamphlet.

Okur, Nilgun A. 1995. “Underground Railroad in Philadelphia, 1830-1860.” Journal of Black Studies 25: 537-557. JSTOR. Penn State Berks, Reading, PA [29 September 2005].

“Olivet Boys and Girls Club Oakbrook Unit Is Dedicated.” 1994. Reading Eagle, 15 July, 26.

“Orders: Headquarters, Twenty-Fifth Army Corps, Army of the James.” 1897. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Series 1, vol. 51, pt. I. Washington, D.C.: Government Print Office. Available from Cornell University Making of America http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/moa/browse.monographs/waro.html [14 October 2005].

PA Negro Business Directory 1910: Industrial and Material Growth of the Negroes in PA. 1910. Harrisburg: James H.W. Harris & Sons.

“PAL Launches Fundraising Effort.” 2002. Reading Eagle, 23 November, B2.

Payne, Daniel A. 1969. History of the African American Methodist Church. New York: Arno Press.

Pennsylvania Gazette. 11 Oct. 1770. http://www.accessible.com/accessible/text/gaz3/00000475/00047565.htm.

——. 25 May 1774. http://www.accessible.com/accessible/text/gaz3/00000554/00055472.htm.

——. 17 July 1776. http://www.accessible.com/accessible/text/gaz3/00000597/00059732.htm.

——. 22 November 1786. http://www.accessible.com/accessible/text/gaz4/00000734/00073423.htm.

“Plans for Operating a Community Center Under Colored and White Leadership at Fourth and Laurel Abandoned School Building.” 1935. City of Reading Dept. of Public Playgrounds and Recreation. Memo.

“Police Athletic League Offers Children a World of Food and Fun.” 2005. Reading Eagle, 24 October.                      

Poole-Gibson, Cynthia. 2005. Interview by author. 14 October.

Reading Area School District. 1931. Reading School Bulletin v, 3 (April).

Reading Phillies. 2005. Baseballtown History Book. http://www.readingphillies.com.

Reading School District Directory. 1968-69.

——. 1973-74.

“Records of African Americans in the Berks County Poor House, 1825-1857.” http://www.afrolumens.org/rising_free/berksph.html [4 December 2005].

“Reformation Rally Attracts Full House.” 1963. Reading Eagle, 4 November.

Rehr, William. 2006. Email correspondence with author. 19 January.

Reinbrecht, Steve. 1996. “Black Church Leaders Say Racism Everywhere.” Reading Eagle, 10 June, 2.

 ——. 2000. “Harassment Case Involving City Klan Figure Is Reopened.” Reading Eagle, 17 March, 19.

“Review Is Ordered Here.” 1969. Reading Eagle, 21 March.

“Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities (RBI).” http://mlb.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/mlb/official_info/community/rbi.jsp.

Rippey, Gail. 1997. “Former Furnace Worker, 92, Recalls Toiling at Robesonia.” Reading Eagle/Times, 23 February, B3.

 

“Saw More Ball Games Than Any One Else.” 1905. Reading Eagle, 6 August.

Schaeffer, Paul N. 1941. “Slavery in Berks County.” Historical Review of Berks County 6 (July): 110-12.

Scott, Madeline O. 2001. “Newspaper Article from a Family History Research Project.” Historically Speaking 25 (1). http://www.aahanf.org/april_2001.htm [6 December 2005].

Smith, Billy G., and Richard Wojtowicz. 1989. Blacks Who Stole Themselves: Advertisements for Runaway Slaves in the Pennsylvania Gazette. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Smith, Everett E. 1991. “Civil Rights in Reading and Berks County During the Turbulent 60’s.” Historical Review of Berks County 56 (4): 167-68, 190.

Smith, Ronald. 2005. Interview by author. 9 November.

Stowell, Jay S. 1922. Methodist Adventures in Education. New York: The Methodist  Book Concern. http://docsouth.unc.edu/church/stowell/stowell.html [2 November 2005].

Stumpf, Eric C. 1997. “The Stump/Stumpf Origins.” Quarterly Newsletter for Stump/Stumpf Family History Research (summer): 29.

Swanier, Peggy. 2005. “Cloud Puffs Way.” Correspondence with author. November.

——. 2005. Questionnaire by author. November.

“The Reading-Berks Community Salutes the Honorable Julian Bond, October 20, 1971.” Program of the Martin Luther King, Jr., Educational and Memorial Fund of Berks County. African American Museum of Central Pennsylvania.

Temple, George Hannibal. 1900. The Epic of Columbus’ Bell and Other Poems.

Reading: Press of the Reading Eagle.

Templeton, Theodore. 1941-42. “Seasonal Report: 4^th & Laurel Recreation Center.”

Terrell, Edward. 2005. Goggle< Works Center for the Arts. Pamphlet.

——. 2005. Interview by author. 19 October; 9 November.

“Thirty-Second Regiment Infantry USCT.” http://www.usct.org/32dinfantryregiment/32dinfantryregiment.htm.

“Thompson Released.” 1971. Reading Eagle, 5 June.

Turner, Edward R. 1912. “The Abolition of Slavery in Pennsylvania.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 36: 129-142.

Turner, Sandi. Questionnaire by author. November.

“Two Youth Agencies Approve Merger.” 2004. Reading Eagle, 30 June, 13.

Urban, Mike. 2005. “Living to 100.” Reading Eagle, 14 November, A1.

“USS Coeur de Lion.” Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy. http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-c/coeur-dl.htm [12 October 2005].

Voigt, David. 2006. Interview by author. 12 January.

Walker, Joseph E. 1966. Hopewell Village: A Social and Economic History of an Iron-Making Community. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

——. 1969. “Negro Labor in the Charcoal Iron Industry of Southeastern Pennsylvania.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 93: 467.

——. 1963. Some Aspects of the Social and Economic History of an Iron-Making Community with Special Economic Emphasis upon the Period 1800-1850. Diss., Temple University.

Weber, J. Sherwood. 1951. “Black Jim.” Berks County Historical Review 16 (4): 107-08.

Yenser, Thomas. 1933. Who’s Who in Colored America: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Living Persons of African Descent in America: 1930-1931-1932. 3d ed. Brooklyn: Thomas Yenser.

“Wellington Hawkins.” Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System. Detailed Soldier Record. http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/navydetail.cfm?id_no=Haw0016.

White, Sol. [1907] 1995. History of Colored Base Ball, with other documents on the early Black game, 1886-1936. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Wolf, Eric. 2005. Email correspondence with author. 27 October.

Wood, Peter H. 2003. Strange New Land: Africans in Colonial America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

“Work Projects Administration.” http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/W/WorkP1roj.asp.

“‘Y’ Corps Staffer Suspended from Post.” 1967. Reading Eagle, 25 November.

YMCA. 2005. “Service to Youth.” Flier.

Youker, Darrin. 2005. “At a Meeting Divided, Rebel Flag Ban Backed.” Reading Eagle, 27 September, 1.

“Youth Action.” 1970. Reading and Berks County YMCA. Report.

Zagofsky, Al. 2004. “A Waystation on the Underground Railroad.” Underground Railroad.

Times News, Jim Thorpe, PA. 29 http://home.ptd.net/~azagofsk/Underground_Railroad.html [September 2005].

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